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696 lines
21 KiB
696 lines
21 KiB
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
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// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <sqlite3.h>
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#include "util/histogram.h"
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#include "util/random.h"
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#include "util/testutil.h"
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// Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order
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// Actual benchmarks:
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//
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// fillseq -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// fillseqsync -- write N/100 values in sequential key order in sync mode
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// fillseqbatch -- batch write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// fillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async mode
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// fillrandsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode
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// fillrandbatch -- batch write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// overwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in async mode
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// fillrand100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode
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// fillseq100K -- write N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
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// readseq -- read N times sequentially
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// readrandom -- read N times in random order
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// readrand100K -- read N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
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static const char* FLAGS_benchmarks =
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"fillseq,"
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"fillseqsync,"
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"fillseqbatch,"
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"fillrandom,"
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"fillrandsync,"
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"fillrandbatch,"
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"overwrite,"
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"overwritebatch,"
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"readrandom,"
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"readseq,"
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"fillrand100K,"
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"fillseq100K,"
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"readseq,"
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"readrand100K,"
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;
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// Number of key/values to place in database
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static int FLAGS_num = 1000000;
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// Number of read operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
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static int FLAGS_reads = -1;
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// Size of each value
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static int FLAGS_value_size = 100;
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// Print histogram of operation timings
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static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
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// Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of
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// their original size after compression
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static double FLAGS_compression_ratio = 0.5;
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// Page size. Default 1 KB.
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static int FLAGS_page_size = 1024;
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// Number of pages.
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// Default cache size = FLAGS_page_size * FLAGS_num_pages = 4 MB.
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static int FLAGS_num_pages = 4096;
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// If true, do not destroy the existing database. If you set this
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// flag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database, that
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// benchmark will fail.
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static bool FLAGS_use_existing_db = false;
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// If true, we allow batch writes to occur
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static bool FLAGS_transaction = true;
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// If true, we enable Write-Ahead Logging
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static bool FLAGS_WAL_enabled = true;
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inline
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static void ExecErrorCheck(int status, char *err_msg) {
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if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", err_msg);
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sqlite3_free(err_msg);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void StepErrorCheck(int status) {
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if (status != SQLITE_DONE) {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQL step error: status = %d\n", status);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void ErrorCheck(int status) {
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if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
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fprintf(stderr, "sqlite3 error: status = %d\n", status);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void WalCheckpoint(sqlite3* db_) {
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// Flush all writes to disk
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if (FLAGS_WAL_enabled) {
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sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(db_, NULL, SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, NULL, NULL);
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}
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}
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namespace leveldb {
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// Helper for quickly generating random data.
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namespace {
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class RandomGenerator {
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private:
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std::string data_;
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int pos_;
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public:
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RandomGenerator() {
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// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
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// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
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// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
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Random rnd(301);
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std::string piece;
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while (data_.size() < 1048576) {
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// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
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// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
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test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
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data_.append(piece);
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}
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pos_ = 0;
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}
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Slice Generate(int len) {
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if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
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pos_ = 0;
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assert(len < data_.size());
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}
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pos_ += len;
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return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
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}
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};
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static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
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int start = 0;
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while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
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start++;
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}
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int limit = s.size();
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while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
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limit--;
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}
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return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
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}
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}
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class Benchmark {
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private:
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sqlite3* db_;
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int db_num_;
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int num_;
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int reads_;
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double start_;
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double last_op_finish_;
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int64_t bytes_;
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std::string message_;
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Histogram hist_;
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RandomGenerator gen_;
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Random rand_;
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// State kept for progress messages
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int done_;
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int next_report_; // When to report next
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void PrintHeader() {
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const int kKeySize = 16;
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PrintEnvironment();
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fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", kKeySize);
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fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each\n", FLAGS_value_size);
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fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %d\n", num_);
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fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
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((static_cast<int64_t>(kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
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/ 1048576.0));
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PrintWarnings();
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fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
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}
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void PrintWarnings() {
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#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
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fprintf(stdout,
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"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
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);
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#endif
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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fprintf(stdout,
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"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
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#endif
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}
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void PrintEnvironment() {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQLite: version %s\n", SQLITE_VERSION);
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#if defined(__linux)
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time_t now = time(NULL);
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fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
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FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
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if (cpuinfo != NULL) {
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char line[1000];
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int num_cpus = 0;
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std::string cpu_type;
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std::string cache_size;
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while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != NULL) {
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const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
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if (sep == NULL) {
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continue;
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}
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Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
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Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
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if (key == "model name") {
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++num_cpus;
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cpu_type = val.ToString();
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} else if (key == "cache size") {
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cache_size = val.ToString();
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}
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}
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fclose(cpuinfo);
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fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
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fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
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}
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#endif
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}
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void Start() {
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start_ = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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bytes_ = 0;
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message_.clear();
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last_op_finish_ = start_;
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hist_.Clear();
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done_ = 0;
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next_report_ = 100;
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}
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void FinishedSingleOp() {
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if (FLAGS_histogram) {
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double now = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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double micros = (now - last_op_finish_) * 1e6;
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hist_.Add(micros);
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if (micros > 20000) {
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fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
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fflush(stderr);
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}
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last_op_finish_ = now;
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}
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done_++;
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if (done_ >= next_report_) {
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if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
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else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
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else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
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else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
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else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
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else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
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else next_report_ += 100000;
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fprintf(stderr, "... finished %d ops%30s\r", done_, "");
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fflush(stderr);
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}
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}
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void Stop(const Slice& name) {
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double finish = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
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// that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
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if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
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if (bytes_ > 0) {
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char rate[100];
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snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
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(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / (finish - start_));
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if (!message_.empty()) {
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message_ = std::string(rate) + " " + message_;
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} else {
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message_ = rate;
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}
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}
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fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op;%s%s\n",
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name.ToString().c_str(),
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(finish - start_) * 1e6 / done_,
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(message_.empty() ? "" : " "),
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message_.c_str());
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if (FLAGS_histogram) {
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fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
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}
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fflush(stdout);
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}
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public:
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enum Order {
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SEQUENTIAL,
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RANDOM
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};
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enum DBState {
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FRESH,
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EXISTING
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};
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Benchmark()
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: db_(NULL),
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db_num_(0),
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num_(FLAGS_num),
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reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
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bytes_(0),
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rand_(301) {
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std::vector<std::string> files;
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Env::Default()->GetChildren("/tmp", &files);
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if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
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for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
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if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("dbbench_sqlite3")) {
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Env::Default()->DeleteFile("/tmp/" + files[i]);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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~Benchmark() {
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int status = sqlite3_close(db_);
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ErrorCheck(status);
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}
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void Run() {
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PrintHeader();
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Open();
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const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks;
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while (benchmarks != NULL) {
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const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
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Slice name;
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if (sep == NULL) {
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name = benchmarks;
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benchmarks = NULL;
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} else {
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name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
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benchmarks = sep + 1;
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}
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bytes_ = 0;
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Start();
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bool known = true;
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bool write_sync = false;
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if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseqbatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandbatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, EXISTING, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("overwritebatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, EXISTING, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandsync")) {
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write_sync = true;
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseqsync")) {
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write_sync = true;
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrand100K")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseq100K")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
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ReadSequential();
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} else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
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Read(RANDOM, 1);
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} else if (name == Slice("readrand100K")) {
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int n = reads_;
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reads_ /= 1000;
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Read(RANDOM, 1);
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reads_ = n;
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} else {
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known = false;
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if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
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fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
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}
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}
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if (known) {
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Stop(name);
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}
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}
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}
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void Open() {
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assert(db_ == NULL);
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int status;
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char file_name[100];
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char* err_msg = NULL;
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db_num_++;
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// Open database
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snprintf(file_name, sizeof(file_name), "/tmp/dbbench_sqlite3-%d.db",
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db_num_);
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status = sqlite3_open(file_name, &db_);
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if (status) {
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fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db_));
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exit(1);
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}
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// Change SQLite cache size
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char cache_size[100];
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snprintf(cache_size, sizeof(cache_size), "PRAGMA cache_size = %d",
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FLAGS_num_pages);
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, cache_size, NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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// FLAGS_page_size is defaulted to 1024
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if (FLAGS_page_size != 1024) {
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char page_size[100];
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snprintf(page_size, sizeof(page_size), "PRAGMA page_size = %d",
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FLAGS_page_size);
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, page_size, NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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// Change journal mode to WAL if WAL enabled flag is on
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if (FLAGS_WAL_enabled) {
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std::string WAL_stmt = "PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL";
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// LevelDB's default cache size is a combined 4 MB
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std::string WAL_checkpoint = "PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint = 4096";
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, WAL_stmt.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, WAL_checkpoint.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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// Change locking mode to exclusive and create tables/index for database
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std::string locking_stmt = "PRAGMA locking_mode = EXCLUSIVE";
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std::string create_stmt =
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"CREATE TABLE test (key blob, value blob, PRIMARY KEY(key))";
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std::string stmt_array[] = { locking_stmt, create_stmt };
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int stmt_array_length = sizeof(stmt_array) / sizeof(std::string);
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for (int i = 0; i < stmt_array_length; i++) {
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, stmt_array[i].c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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}
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void Write(bool write_sync, Order order, DBState state,
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int num_entries, int value_size, int entries_per_batch) {
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// Create new database if state == FRESH
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if (state == FRESH) {
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if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
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message_ = "skipping (--use_existing_db is true)";
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return;
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}
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sqlite3_close(db_);
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db_ = NULL;
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Open();
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Start();
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}
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if (num_entries != num_) {
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char msg[100];
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snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%d ops)", num_entries);
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message_ = msg;
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}
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char* err_msg = NULL;
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int status;
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sqlite3_stmt *replace_stmt, *begin_trans_stmt, *end_trans_stmt;
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std::string replace_str = "REPLACE INTO test (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)";
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std::string begin_trans_str = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;";
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std::string end_trans_str = "END TRANSACTION;";
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// Check for synchronous flag in options
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std::string sync_stmt = (write_sync) ? "PRAGMA synchronous = FULL" :
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"PRAGMA synchronous = OFF";
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, sync_stmt.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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// Preparing sqlite3 statements
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status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, replace_str.c_str(), -1,
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&replace_stmt, NULL);
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ErrorCheck(status);
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status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, begin_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
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&begin_trans_stmt, NULL);
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ErrorCheck(status);
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status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, end_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
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&end_trans_stmt, NULL);
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|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
bool transaction = (entries_per_batch > 1);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i += entries_per_batch) {
|
|
// Begin write transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Create and execute SQL statements
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch; j++) {
|
|
const char* value = gen_.Generate(value_size).data();
|
|
|
|
// Create values for key-value pair
|
|
const int k = (order == SEQUENTIAL) ? i + j :
|
|
(rand_.Next() % num_entries);
|
|
char key[100];
|
|
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
|
|
|
|
// Bind KV values into replace_stmt
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(replace_stmt, 1, key, 16, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(replace_stmt, 2, value,
|
|
value_size, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Execute replace_stmt
|
|
bytes_ += value_size + strlen(key);
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(replace_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Reset SQLite statement for another use
|
|
status = sqlite3_clear_bindings(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
FinishedSingleOp();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// End write transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void Read(Order order, int entries_per_batch) {
|
|
int status;
|
|
sqlite3_stmt *read_stmt, *begin_trans_stmt, *end_trans_stmt;
|
|
|
|
std::string read_str = "SELECT * FROM test WHERE key = ?";
|
|
std::string begin_trans_str = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;";
|
|
std::string end_trans_str = "END TRANSACTION;";
|
|
|
|
// Preparing sqlite3 statements
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, begin_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&begin_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, end_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&end_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, read_str.c_str(), -1, &read_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
bool transaction = (entries_per_batch > 1);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < reads_; i += entries_per_batch) {
|
|
// Begin read transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Create and execute SQL statements
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch; j++) {
|
|
// Create key value
|
|
char key[100];
|
|
int k = (order == SEQUENTIAL) ? i + j : (rand_.Next() % reads_);
|
|
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
|
|
|
|
// Bind key value into read_stmt
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(read_stmt, 1, key, 16, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Execute read statement
|
|
while ((status = sqlite3_step(read_stmt)) == SQLITE_ROW);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Reset SQLite statement for another use
|
|
status = sqlite3_clear_bindings(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
FinishedSingleOp();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// End read transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void ReadSequential() {
|
|
int status;
|
|
sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
|
|
std::string read_str = "SELECT * FROM test ORDER BY key";
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, read_str.c_str(), -1, &pStmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < reads_ && SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(pStmt); i++) {
|
|
bytes_ += sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1) + sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 2);
|
|
FinishedSingleOp();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
|
|
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
|
|
double d;
|
|
int n;
|
|
char junk;
|
|
if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]).starts_with("--benchmarks=")) {
|
|
FLAGS_benchmarks = argv[i] + strlen("--benchmarks=");
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_histogram = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression_ratio=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_compression_ratio = d;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_existing_db=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_use_existing_db = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_num = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_reads = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_value_size = n;
|
|
} else if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]) == leveldb::Slice("--no_transaction")) {
|
|
FLAGS_transaction = false;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--page_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_page_size = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num_pages=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_num_pages = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--WAL_enabled=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_WAL_enabled = n;
|
|
} else {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
leveldb::Benchmark benchmark;
|
|
benchmark.Run();
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|