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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=239453565

This change switches corruption_test, which previously used direct file
I/O to corrupt table files for open databases, to use InMemEnv. Using an
Env eliminates some platform dependencies thus simplifying the tests.

Also removed EnvWindowsTestHelper::RelaxFilePermissions().  This was
only added because the Windows Env opens files for exclusive access.

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=239305329

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=192365747

External linkage is the default for function declarations in C++.

This also fixes ClangTidy errors generated by removing the "extern"
keyword as described above.

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=188730416

(Based on a suggestion by cmumford.)

"open" benchmark on my workstation speeds up significantly since we
can now avoid three fdatasync calls and a compaction per open:

  Before: ~80000 microseconds
  After:    ~130 microseconds

Details:

(1) Added Options::reuse_logs (currently defaults to false) to control
new behavior.  The intention is to change the default to true after some
baking.

(2) Added Env::NewAppendableFile() whose default implementation returns
a not-supported error.

(3) VersionSet::Recovery attempts to reuse the MANIFEST from which
it is recovering.

(4) DBImpl recovery attempts to reuse the last log file and memtable.

(5) db_test.cc now tests a new configuration that sets reuse_logs to true.

(6) fault_injection_test also tests a reuse_logs==true config.

(7) Added a new recovery_test.

- switched from mmap based writing to simpler stdio based writing. Has a
  minor impact (0.5 microseconds) on microbenchmarks for asynchronous
  writes. Synchronous writes speed up from 30ms to 10ms on linux/ext4.
  Should be much more reliable on diverse platforms.
- compaction errors now immediately put the database into a read-only
  mode (until it is re-opened). As a downside, a disk going out of
  space and then space being created will require a re-open to recover
  from, whereas previously that would happen automatically. On the
  plus side, many corruption possibilities go away.
- force the DB to enter an error-state so that all future writes fail
  when a synchronous log write succeeds but the sync fails.
- repair now regenerates sstables that exhibit problems
- fix issue 218 - Use native memory barriers on OSX
- fix issue 212 - QNX build is broken
- fix build on iOS with xcode 5
- make tests compile and pass on windows

- Replace raw slice comparison with a call to user comparator.
  Added test for custom comparators.

- Fix end of namespace comments.

- Fixed bug in picking inputs for a level-0 compaction.

  When finding overlapping files, the covered range may expand
  as files are added to the input set.  We now correctly expand
  the range when this happens instead of continuing to use the
  old range.  For example, suppose L0 contains files with the
  following ranges:

      F1: a .. d
      F2:    c .. g
      F3:       f .. j

  and the initial compaction target is F3.  We used to search
  for range f..j which yielded {F2,F3}.  However we now expand
  the range as soon as another file is added.  In this case,
  when F2 is added, we expand the range to c..j and restart the
  search.  That picks up file F1 as well.

  This change fixes a bug related to deleted keys showing up
  incorrectly after a compaction as described in Issue 44.

(Sync with upstream @25072954)

git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@23 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529

git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@21 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529

git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@20 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529

git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@18 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529

git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@2 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529