Clang 10 includes the optimizations described in
https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=41761. This means that the
platform-independent implementations of {Decode,Encode}Fixed{32,64}()
compile to one instruction on the most recent Clang and GCC.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 306330166

This prevents file descriptors from leaking to child processes.

When compiled for older (pre-2.6.23) kernels which lack support for
O_CLOEXEC there is no change in behavior.  With newer kernels, child
processes will no longer inherit leveldb's file handles, which
reduces the changes of accidentally corrupting the database.

Fixes https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/623

Apple doesn't follow POSIX specifications for fsync(). Instead, fsync() guarantees to flush the buffer cache to the device, which means the data will survive kernel panics, but may not survive power outages. Applications that need stronger guarantees (like databases) need to use fcntl(F_FULLFSYNC).

This CL switches PosixWritableFile::Sync() to get the stronger guarantees on Apple systems. The improved implementation follows the same principles as SQLite [1] and node.js [2].

Research for the fcntl() to fsync() fallback strategy:

Apple's released source code at https://opensource.apple.com/ shows at least three different error codes being returned when a filesystem does not support F_FULLFSYNC.

fcntl() is implemented in xnu-4903.221.2 in bsd/kern/kern_descrip.c, where it delegates to fcntl_nocancel(). The documentation for fcntl_nocancel() mentions error codes for some operations, but does not include F_FULLFSYNC. The F_FULLSYNC branch in fcntl_nocancel() calls VNOP_IOCTL(_, F_FULLSYNC, NULL, 0, _), whose return value sets the error
code.

VNOP_IOCTL() is implemented in bsd/vfs/kpi_vfs.c and calls the ioctl function in the vnode's operation vector. The per-filesystem function names follow the pattern _vnop_ioctl() for all the instances in opensource code: {hfs,msdosfs,nfs,ntfs,smbfs,webdav,zfs}_vnop_ioctl().

hfs-407.30.1, msdosfs-229.200.3, and nfs in xnu-4903.221.2 handle F_FULLFSYNC. ntfs-94.200.1 and smb-759.40.1 do not handle F_FULLFSYNC, and the default branch returns ENOSUP. webdav-380.200.1 also does not handle F_FULLFSYNC, but the default branch returns EINVAL. zfs-59 also does not handle F_FULLSYNC, and its default branch returns ENOTTY.

From a different angle, Apple's ntfs-94.200.1 includes utility code that uses fcntl(F_FULLFSYNC) and falls back to fsync() just like we do, supporting the hypothesis that there is no good way to detect lack of F_FULLFSYNC support. Also, Apple's fcntl() man page [3] does not mention a way to detect lack of F_FULLFSYNC support.

[1] https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/os_unix.c
[2] https://github.com/libuv/libuv/blob/master/src/unix/fs.c
[3] https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentatiVon/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/fcntl.2.html
Tested:
    https://travis-ci.org/pwnall/leveldb/builds/477318498
    TAP global presubmit

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=228593729

The CMake feature-detection code used check_symbol_exists(), which
invokes the C compiler. However, some glibc versions don't expose the
fdatasync() declaration when compiled with -std=c11, but do expose it
when compiled with -std=c++11. This most likely comes down to how
_POSIX_SOURCE is defined -- it needs to be >= 201112L for <unistd.h> to
expose fdatasync().

This CL switches to check_cxx_symbol_exists(), which uses the C++
compiler. Asides from fixing the problem above, this is the right thing
to do, because we use <unistd.h> in env_posix.cc, which is compiled with
the C++ compiler.

This CL also fixes a previously introduced inconsistency, where the
macro indicating the fdatasync() feature detection result was referred
to as HAVE_FDATASYNC and HAVE_FUNC_FDATASYNC. The former appears to be
used in other libraries, so this CL switches all our references to
HAVE_FDATASYNC.

Fixes https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/629

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=228392612

C++11 requires <atomic>. This lets us remove the header detection
(LEVELDB_ATOMIC_PRESENT) and simplify port/atomic_pointer.h.

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=189919098

Fixes https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/466

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=189425354