BTRFS reorders rename and write operations, so it is possible that a filesystem crash and recovery results in a situation where the file pointed to by CURRENT does not exist. DB::Open currently reports an I/O error in this case. Reporting database corruption is a better hint to the caller, which can attempt to recover the database or erase it and start over.

This issue is not merely theoretical. It was reported as having showed up in the wild at https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/195 and at https://crbug.com/738961. Also, asides from the BTRFS case described above, incorrect data in CURRENT seems like a possible corruption case that should be handled gracefully.

The Env API changes here can be considered backwards compatible, because an implementation that returns Status::IOError instead of Status::NotFound will still get the same functionality as before.

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Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=161432630

-This fixes compile errors with default setup on RHEL 6 systems.

(Based on a suggestion by cmumford.)

"open" benchmark on my workstation speeds up significantly since we
can now avoid three fdatasync calls and a compaction per open:

  Before: ~80000 microseconds
  After:    ~130 microseconds

Details:

(1) Added Options::reuse_logs (currently defaults to false) to control
new behavior.  The intention is to change the default to true after some
baking.

(2) Added Env::NewAppendableFile() whose default implementation returns
a not-supported error.

(3) VersionSet::Recovery attempts to reuse the MANIFEST from which
it is recovering.

(4) DBImpl recovery attempts to reuse the last log file and memtable.

(5) db_test.cc now tests a new configuration that sets reuse_logs to true.

(6) fault_injection_test also tests a reuse_logs==true config.

(7) Added a new recovery_test.