diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d991ecc..299da38 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -20,214 +20,395 @@ $(shell CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" TARGET_OS="$(TARGET_OS)" \
 # this file is generated by the previous line to set build flags and sources
 include build_config.mk
 
+TESTS = \
+	db/autocompact_test \
+	db/c_test \
+	db/corruption_test \
+	db/db_test \
+	db/dbformat_test \
+	db/fault_injection_test \
+	db/filename_test \
+	db/log_test \
+	db/recovery_test \
+	db/skiplist_test \
+	db/version_edit_test \
+	db/version_set_test \
+	db/write_batch_test \
+	helpers/memenv/memenv_test \
+	issues/issue178_test \
+	issues/issue200_test \
+	table/filter_block_test \
+	table/table_test \
+	util/arena_test \
+	util/bloom_test \
+	util/cache_test \
+	util/coding_test \
+	util/crc32c_test \
+	util/env_test \
+	util/hash_test
+
+UTILS = \
+	db/db_bench \
+	db/leveldbutil
+
+# Put the object files in a subdirectory, but the application at the top of the object dir.
+PROGNAMES := $(notdir $(TESTS) $(UTILS))
+
+# On Linux may need libkyotocabinet-dev for dependency.
+BENCHMARKS = \
+	doc/bench/db_bench_sqlite3 \
+	doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db
+
 CFLAGS += -I. -I./include $(PLATFORM_CCFLAGS) $(OPT)
 CXXFLAGS += -I. -I./include $(PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS) $(OPT)
 
 LDFLAGS += $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
 LIBS += $(PLATFORM_LIBS)
 
-LIBOBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.cc=.o)
-MEMENVOBJECTS = $(MEMENV_SOURCES:.cc=.o)
-
-TESTUTIL = ./util/testutil.o
-TESTHARNESS = ./util/testharness.o $(TESTUTIL)
+SIMULATOR_OUTDIR=out-ios-x86
+DEVICE_OUTDIR=out-ios-arm
 
-# Note: iOS should probably be using libtool, not ar.
 ifeq ($(PLATFORM), IOS)
+# Note: iOS should probably be using libtool, not ar.
 AR=xcrun ar
+SIMULATORSDK=$(shell xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator --show-sdk-path)
+DEVICESDK=$(shell xcrun -sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)
+DEVICE_CFLAGS = -isysroot "$(DEVICESDK)" -arch armv6 -arch armv7 -arch armv7s -arch arm64
+SIMULATOR_CFLAGS = -isysroot "$(SIMULATORSDK)" -arch i686 -arch x86_64
+STATIC_OUTDIR=out-ios-universal
+else
+STATIC_OUTDIR=out-static
+SHARED_OUTDIR=out-shared
+STATIC_PROGRAMS := $(addprefix $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/, $(PROGNAMES))
+SHARED_PROGRAMS := $(addprefix $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/, db_bench)
 endif
 
-TESTS = \
-	arena_test \
-	autocompact_test \
-	bloom_test \
-	c_test \
-	cache_test \
-	coding_test \
-	corruption_test \
-	crc32c_test \
-	db_test \
-	dbformat_test \
-	env_test \
-	fault_injection_test \
-	filename_test \
-	filter_block_test \
-	hash_test \
-	issue178_test \
-	issue200_test \
-	log_test \
-	memenv_test \
-	recovery_test \
-	skiplist_test \
-	table_test \
-	version_edit_test \
-	version_set_test \
-	write_batch_test
-
-PROGRAMS = db_bench leveldbutil $(TESTS)
-BENCHMARKS = db_bench_sqlite3 db_bench_tree_db
-
-LIBRARY = libleveldb.a
-MEMENVLIBRARY = libmemenv.a
+STATIC_LIBOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/, $(SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+STATIC_MEMENVOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/, $(MEMENV_SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+
+DEVICE_LIBOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/, $(SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+DEVICE_MEMENVOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/, $(MEMENV_SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+
+SIMULATOR_LIBOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/, $(SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+SIMULATOR_MEMENVOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/, $(MEMENV_SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+
+SHARED_LIBOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/, $(SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+SHARED_MEMENVOBJECTS := $(addprefix $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/, $(MEMENV_SOURCES:.cc=.o))
+
+TESTUTIL := $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/util/testutil.o
+TESTHARNESS := $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/util/testharness.o $(TESTUTIL)
+
+STATIC_TESTOBJS := $(addprefix $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/, $(addsuffix .o, $(TESTS)))
+STATIC_UTILOBJS := $(addprefix $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/, $(addsuffix .o, $(UTILS)))
+STATIC_ALLOBJS := $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(STATIC_MEMENVOBJECTS) $(STATIC_TESTOBJS) $(STATIC_UTILOBJS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+DEVICE_ALLOBJS := $(DEVICE_LIBOBJECTS) $(DEVICE_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+SIMULATOR_ALLOBJS := $(SIMULATOR_LIBOBJECTS) $(SIMULATOR_MEMENVOBJECTS)
 
 default: all
 
 # Should we build shared libraries?
 ifneq ($(PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT),)
 
+# Many leveldb test apps use non-exported API's. Only build a subset for testing.
+SHARED_ALLOBJS := $(SHARED_LIBOBJECTS) $(SHARED_MEMENVOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+
 ifneq ($(PLATFORM_SHARED_VERSIONED),true)
-SHARED1 = libleveldb.$(PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT)
-SHARED2 = $(SHARED1)
-SHARED3 = $(SHARED1)
-SHARED = $(SHARED1)
+SHARED_LIB1 = libleveldb.$(PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT)
+SHARED_LIB2 = $(SHARED_LIB1)
+SHARED_LIB3 = $(SHARED_LIB1)
+SHARED_LIBS = $(SHARED_LIB1)
+SHARED_MEMENVLIB = $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a
 else
 # Update db.h if you change these.
-SHARED_MAJOR = 1
-SHARED_MINOR = 18
-SHARED1 = libleveldb.$(PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT)
-SHARED2 = $(SHARED1).$(SHARED_MAJOR)
-SHARED3 = $(SHARED1).$(SHARED_MAJOR).$(SHARED_MINOR)
-SHARED = $(SHARED1) $(SHARED2) $(SHARED3)
-$(SHARED1): $(SHARED3)
-	ln -fs $(SHARED3) $(SHARED1)
-$(SHARED2): $(SHARED3)
-	ln -fs $(SHARED3) $(SHARED2)
+SHARED_VERSION_MAJOR = 1
+SHARED_VERSION_MINOR = 18
+SHARED_LIB1 = libleveldb.$(PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT)
+SHARED_LIB2 = $(SHARED_LIB1).$(SHARED_VERSION_MAJOR)
+SHARED_LIB3 = $(SHARED_LIB1).$(SHARED_VERSION_MAJOR).$(SHARED_VERSION_MINOR)
+SHARED_LIBS = $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB1) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB2) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB1): $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3)
+	ln -fs $(SHARED_LIB3) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB1)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB2): $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3)
+	ln -fs $(SHARED_LIB3) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB2)
+SHARED_MEMENVLIB = $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a
 endif
 
-$(SHARED3):
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_LDFLAGS)$(SHARED2) $(CXXFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_CFLAGS) $(SOURCES) -o $(SHARED3) $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3): $(SHARED_LIBOBJECTS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_LDFLAGS)$(SHARED_LIB2) $(SHARED_LIBOBJECTS) -o $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3) $(LIBS)
 
 endif  # PLATFORM_SHARED_EXT
 
-all: $(SHARED) $(LIBRARY)
+all: $(SHARED_LIBS) $(SHARED_PROGRAMS) $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a $(STATIC_PROGRAMS)
 
-check: all $(PROGRAMS) $(TESTS)
-	for t in $(TESTS); do echo "***** Running $$t"; ./$$t || exit 1; done
+check: $(STATIC_PROGRAMS)
+	for t in $(notdir $(TESTS)); do echo "***** Running $$t"; $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/$$t || exit 1; done
 
 clean:
-	-rm -f $(PROGRAMS) $(BENCHMARKS) $(LIBRARY) $(SHARED) $(MEMENVLIBRARY) */*.o */*/*.o ios-x86/*/*.o ios-arm/*/*.o build_config.mk
-	-rm -rf ios-x86/* ios-arm/*
+	-rm -rf out-static out-shared out-ios-x86 out-ios-arm out-ios-universal
+	-rm -f build_config.mk
+	-rm -rf ios-x86 ios-arm
 
-$(LIBRARY): $(LIBOBJECTS)
-	rm -f $@
-	$(AR) -rs $@ $(LIBOBJECTS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR):
+	mkdir $@
 
-db_bench: db/db_bench.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/db_bench.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db: | $(STATIC_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-db_bench_sqlite3: doc/bench/db_bench_sqlite3.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) doc/bench/db_bench_sqlite3.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ -lsqlite3 $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv: | $(STATIC_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir -p $@
 
-db_bench_tree_db: doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ -lkyotocabinet $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/port: | $(STATIC_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-leveldbutil: db/leveldb_main.o $(LIBOBJECTS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/leveldb_main.o $(LIBOBJECTS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/table: | $(STATIC_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-arena_test: util/arena_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/arena_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/util: | $(STATIC_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-autocompact_test: db/autocompact_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/autocompact_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+.PHONY: STATIC_OBJDIRS
+STATIC_OBJDIRS: \
+	$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db \
+	$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/port \
+	$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/table \
+	$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/util \
+	$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv
 
-bloom_test: util/bloom_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/bloom_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR):
+	mkdir $@
 
-c_test: db/c_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/c_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db: | $(SHARED_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-cache_test: util/cache_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/cache_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv: | $(SHARED_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir -p $@
 
-coding_test: util/coding_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/coding_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/port: | $(SHARED_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-corruption_test: db/corruption_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/corruption_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/table: | $(SHARED_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-crc32c_test: util/crc32c_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/crc32c_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/util: | $(SHARED_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-db_test: db/db_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/db_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+.PHONY: SHARED_OBJDIRS
+SHARED_OBJDIRS: \
+	$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db \
+	$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/port \
+	$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/table \
+	$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/util \
+	$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv
 
-dbformat_test: db/dbformat_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/dbformat_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR):
+	mkdir $@
 
-env_test: util/env_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/env_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/db: | $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-fault_injection_test: db/fault_injection_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/fault_injection_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv: | $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir -p $@
 
-filename_test: db/filename_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/filename_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/port: | $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-filter_block_test: table/filter_block_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) table/filter_block_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/table: | $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-hash_test: util/hash_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) util/hash_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/util: | $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-issue178_test: issues/issue178_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) issues/issue178_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+.PHONY: DEVICE_OBJDIRS
+DEVICE_OBJDIRS: \
+	$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/db \
+	$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/port \
+	$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/table \
+	$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/util \
+	$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv
 
-issue200_test: issues/issue200_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) issues/issue200_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR):
+	mkdir $@
 
-log_test: db/log_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/log_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/db: | $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-recovery_test: db/recovery_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/recovery_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv: | $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir -p $@
 
-table_test: table/table_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) table/table_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/port: | $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-skiplist_test: db/skiplist_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/skiplist_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/table: | $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-version_edit_test: db/version_edit_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/version_edit_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/util: | $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)
+	mkdir $@
 
-version_set_test: db/version_set_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/version_set_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+.PHONY: SIMULATOR_OBJDIRS
+SIMULATOR_OBJDIRS: \
+	$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/db \
+	$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/port \
+	$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/table \
+	$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/util \
+	$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv
 
-write_batch_test: db/write_batch_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) db/write_batch_test.o $(LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(STATIC_ALLOBJS): | STATIC_OBJDIRS
+$(DEVICE_ALLOBJS): | DEVICE_OBJDIRS
+$(SIMULATOR_ALLOBJS): | SIMULATOR_OBJDIRS
+$(SHARED_ALLOBJS): | SHARED_OBJDIRS
 
-$(MEMENVLIBRARY) : $(MEMENVOBJECTS)
+ifeq ($(PLATFORM), IOS)
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a: $(DEVICE_LIBOBJECTS)
 	rm -f $@
-	$(AR) -rs $@ $(MEMENVOBJECTS)
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(DEVICE_LIBOBJECTS)
 
-memenv_test : helpers/memenv/memenv_test.o $(MEMENVLIBRARY) $(LIBRARY) $(TESTHARNESS)
-	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) helpers/memenv/memenv_test.o $(MEMENVLIBRARY) $(LIBRARY) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a: $(SIMULATOR_LIBOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(SIMULATOR_LIBOBJECTS)
 
-ifeq ($(PLATFORM), IOS)
-# For iOS, create universal object files to be used on both the simulator and
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a: $(DEVICE_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(DEVICE_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a: $(SIMULATOR_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(SIMULATOR_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+
+# For iOS, create universal object libraries to be used on both the simulator and
 # a device.
-SIMULATORSDK=$(shell xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator --show-sdk-path)
-DEVICESDK=$(shell xcrun -sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)
-IOSARCH=-arch armv6 -arch armv7 -arch armv7s -arch arm64
-
-.cc.o:
-	mkdir -p ios-x86/$(dir $@)
-	xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -isysroot "$(SIMULATORSDK)" -arch i686 -arch x86_64 -c $< -o ios-x86/$@
-	mkdir -p ios-arm/$(dir $@)
-	xcrun -sdk iphoneos $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -isysroot "$(DEVICESDK)" $(IOSARCH) -c $< -o ios-arm/$@
-	xcrun lipo ios-x86/$@ ios-arm/$@ -create -output $@
-
-.c.o:
-	mkdir -p ios-x86/$(dir $@)
-	xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -isysroot "$(SIMULATORSDK)" -arch i686 -arch x86_64 -c $< -o ios-x86/$@
-	mkdir -p ios-arm/$(dir $@)
-	xcrun -sdk iphoneos $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -isysroot "$(DEVICESDK)" $(IOSARCH) -c $< -o ios-arm/$@
-	xcrun lipo ios-x86/$@ ios-arm/$@ -create -output $@
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a: $(STATIC_OUTDIR) $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a
+	lipo -create $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a -output $@
 
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a: $(STATIC_OUTDIR) $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a
+	lipo -create $(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a $(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a -output $@
 else
-.cc.o:
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a:$(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a:$(STATIC_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(STATIC_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+endif
+
+$(SHARED_MEMENVLIB):$(SHARED_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+	rm -f $@
+	$(AR) -rs $@ $(SHARED_MEMENVOBJECTS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db_bench:db/db_bench.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/db_bench.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db_bench_sqlite3:doc/bench/db_bench_sqlite3.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) doc/bench/db_bench_sqlite3.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ -lsqlite3 $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db_bench_tree_db:doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTUTIL) -o $@ -lkyotocabinet $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/leveldbutil:db/leveldbutil.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/leveldbutil.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/arena_test:util/arena_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/arena_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/autocompact_test:db/autocompact_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/autocompact_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/bloom_test:util/bloom_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/bloom_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/c_test:$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db/c_test.o $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db/c_test.o $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/cache_test:util/cache_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/cache_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/coding_test:util/coding_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/coding_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/corruption_test:db/corruption_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/corruption_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/crc32c_test:util/crc32c_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/crc32c_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/db_test:db/db_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/db_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/dbformat_test:db/dbformat_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/dbformat_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/env_test:util/env_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/env_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/fault_injection_test:db/fault_injection_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/fault_injection_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/filename_test:db/filename_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/filename_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/filter_block_test:table/filter_block_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) table/filter_block_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/hash_test:util/hash_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) util/hash_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/issue178_test:issues/issue178_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) issues/issue178_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/issue200_test:issues/issue200_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) issues/issue200_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/log_test:db/log_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/log_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/recovery_test:db/recovery_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/recovery_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/table_test:table/table_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) table/table_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/skiplist_test:db/skiplist_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/skiplist_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/version_edit_test:db/version_edit_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/version_edit_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/version_set_test:db/version_set_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/version_set_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/write_batch_test:db/write_batch_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) db/write_batch_test.cc $(STATIC_LIBOBJECTS) $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/memenv_test:$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv/memenv_test.o $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a $(TESTHARNESS)
+	$(XCRUN) $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/helpers/memenv/memenv_test.o $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libmemenv.a $(STATIC_OUTDIR)/libleveldb.a $(TESTHARNESS) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db_bench:$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db/db_bench.o $(SHARED_LIBS) $(TESTUTIL)
+	$(XCRUN) $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_CFLAGS) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db/db_bench.o $(TESTUTIL) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/$(SHARED_LIB3) -o $@ $(LIBS)
+
+.PHONY: run-shared
+run-shared: $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db_bench
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(SHARED_OUTDIR) $(SHARED_OUTDIR)/db_bench
+
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.cc
+	xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(SIMULATOR_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.cc
+	xcrun -sdk iphoneos $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(DEVICE_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(SIMULATOR_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.c
+	xcrun -sdk iphonesimulator $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(SIMULATOR_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(DEVICE_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.c
+	xcrun -sdk iphoneos $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(DEVICE_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.cc
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
-.c.o:
+$(STATIC_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
-endif
+
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(SHARED_OUTDIR)/%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(PLATFORM_SHARED_CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
diff --git a/build_detect_platform b/build_detect_platform
index bb76c4f..f062993 100755
--- a/build_detect_platform
+++ b/build_detect_platform
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ DIRS="$PREFIX/db $PREFIX/util $PREFIX/table"
 set -f # temporarily disable globbing so that our patterns aren't expanded
 PRUNE_TEST="-name *test*.cc -prune"
 PRUNE_BENCH="-name *_bench.cc -prune"
-PRUNE_TOOL="-name leveldb_main.cc -prune"
+PRUNE_TOOL="-name leveldbutil.cc -prune"
 PORTABLE_FILES=`find $DIRS $PRUNE_TEST -o $PRUNE_BENCH -o $PRUNE_TOOL -o -name '*.cc' -print | sort | sed "s,^$PREFIX/,," | tr "\n" " "`
 
 set +f # re-enable globbing
diff --git a/db/leveldb_main.cc b/db/leveldbutil.cc
similarity index 100%
rename from db/leveldb_main.cc
rename to db/leveldbutil.cc