Env's (like the POSIX Env) which use an actual filesystem behave
differently than InMemoryEnv with regards to writing data to a currently
open file.

InMemoryEnv::NewWritableFile would previously delete that file,
if it was open, before creating a new file so any previously
open file would be unlinked. This change truncates an open file
so that subsequent reads will read that new data.

This should have no impact on leveldb as it never has the same
file open for both read and write access. This change is only
being made for tests (specifically a future change to corruption_test)
to allow them to be decoupled from the underlying platform and
allow them to use an Env.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=237858231

(Based on a suggestion by cmumford.)

"open" benchmark on my workstation speeds up significantly since we
can now avoid three fdatasync calls and a compaction per open:

  Before: ~80000 microseconds
  After:    ~130 microseconds

Details:

(1) Added Options::reuse_logs (currently defaults to false) to control
new behavior.  The intention is to change the default to true after some
baking.

(2) Added Env::NewAppendableFile() whose default implementation returns
a not-supported error.

(3) VersionSet::Recovery attempts to reuse the MANIFEST from which
it is recovering.

(4) DBImpl recovery attempts to reuse the last log file and memtable.

(5) db_test.cc now tests a new configuration that sets reuse_logs to true.

(6) fault_injection_test also tests a reuse_logs==true config.

(7) Added a new recovery_test.

- Replace raw slice comparison with a call to user comparator.
  Added test for custom comparators.

- Fix end of namespace comments.

- Fixed bug in picking inputs for a level-0 compaction.

  When finding overlapping files, the covered range may expand
  as files are added to the input set.  We now correctly expand
  the range when this happens instead of continuing to use the
  old range.  For example, suppose L0 contains files with the
  following ranges:

      F1: a .. d
      F2:    c .. g
      F3:       f .. j

  and the initial compaction target is F3.  We used to search
  for range f..j which yielded {F2,F3}.  However we now expand
  the range as soon as another file is added.  In this case,
  when F2 is added, we expand the range to c..j and restart the
  search.  That picks up file F1 as well.

  This change fixes a bug related to deleted keys showing up
  incorrectly after a compaction as described in Issue 44.

(Sync with upstream @25072954)

Adding GNU/kFreeBSD support. As requested here:
http://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=38

Use uint64_t instead of size_t in MemEnvTest. As pointed out at
http://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=41

Fix GCC -Wshadow warnings in LevelDB's public header files,
reported by Dustin.

Add in-memory Env implementation (helpers/memenv/*).
This enables users to create LevelDB databases in-memory.

Initialize ShardedLRUCache::last_id_ to zero.
This fixes a Valgrind warning.

(Also delete port/sha1_* which were removed upstream some time ago.)