The "DeleteFile" method name causes pain for Windows developers, because
<windows.h> #defines a DeleteFile macro to DeleteFileW or DeleteFileA.
Current code uses workarounds, like #undefining DeleteFile everywhere an
Env is declared, implemented, or used.

This CL removes the need for workarounds by renaming Env::DeleteFile to
Env::RemoveFile. For consistency, Env::DeleteDir is also renamed to
Env::RemoveDir. A few internal methods are also renamed for consistency.
Software that supports Windows is expected to migrate any Env
implementations and usage to Remove{File,Dir}, and never use the name
Env::Delete{File,Dir} in its code.

The renaming is done in a backwards-compatible way, at the risk of
making it slightly more difficult to build a new correct Env
implementation. The backwards compatibility is achieved using the
following hacks:

1) Env::Remove{File,Dir} methods are added, with a default
    implementation that calls into Env::Delete{File,Dir}. This makes old
    Env implementations compatible with code that calls into the updated
    API.
2) The Env::Delete{File,Dir} methods are no longer pure virtuals.
    Instead, they gain a default implementation that calls into
    Env::Remove{File,Dir}. This makes updated Env implementations
    compatible with code that calls into the old API.

The cost of this approach is that it's possible to write an Env without
overriding either Rename{File,Dir} or Delete{File,Dir}, without getting
a compiler warning. However, attempting to run the test suite will
immediately fail with an infinite call stack ending in
{Remove,Delete}{File,Dir}, making developers aware of the problem.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 288710907

PiperOrigin-RevId: 250309603

Allow the use c.h on projects with -Wstrict-prototypes
Modify CMakelist to include -Wstrict-prototypes

1) Convert iterator-based for loops to C++11 foreach loops.
2) Convert "void operator=" to "T& operator=".
3) Switch from copy operators from private to public deleted.
4) Switch from empty ctors / dtors to "= default" where appropriate.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 246679195

PiperOrigin-RevId: 246558281

1. Correct the class/struct declaration order to be IAW
   the Google C++ style guide[1].
2. For non-copyable classes, switched from non-implemented
   private methods to explicitly deleted[2] methods.
3. Minor const and member initialization fixes.

[1] https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Declaration_Order
[2] http://eel.is/c++draft/dcl.fct.def.delete

PiperOrigin-RevId: 246521844

Use clang-format to correct formatting to be in agreement with the [Google C++ Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html). Doing this simplifies the process of accepting changes. Also fixed a few warnings flagged by clang-tidy.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 246350737

Windows linking visibility in shared libraries requires that inner classes are
specifically exported as visible, even if the containing class is exported.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 244886019

PiperOrigin-RevId: 241053616

This CL moves default values for
leveldb::{Options,ReadOptions,WriteOptions} from constructors to member
declarations, and removes now-redundant comments stating the defaults.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=239271242

This change adds a native Windows port (port_windows.h) and a
Windows Env (WindowsEnv).

Note1: "small" is defined when including <Windows.h> so some
parameters were renamed to avoid conflict.

Note2: leveldb::Env defines the method: "DeleteFile" which is
also a constant defined when including <Windows.h>. The solution
was to ensure this macro is defined in env.h which forces
the function, when compiled, to be either DeleteFileA or
DeleteFileW when building for MBCS or UNICODE respectively.

This resolves #519 on GitHub.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=236364778

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=229395810

"Create a brand new [adjective] file" seems like the description for a
method that will create a new file, but is used for methods that open
existing files for read access.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=211468002

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=209345072

WriteBatchInternal has a method for efficiently concatenating two
WriteBatches. This commit exposes the method to the public API.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=208724311

This CL renames the private struct Iterator::Cleanup ->
Iterator::CleanupNode, to better reflect that it's a linked list node,
and extracts duplicated code from its user in IsEmpty() and Run()
methods.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=199175058

This will result in smaller code generation when Status instances are
passed around.

Benchmarks don't indicate a significant change either way.
CPU:        48 * Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v3 @ 2.60GHz
CPUCache:   30720 KB
Keys:       16 bytes each
Values:     100 bytes each (50 bytes after compression)
Entries:    1000000
RawSize:    110.6 MB (estimated)
FileSize:   62.9 MB (estimated)

Baseline:
fillseq      :       3.589 micros/op;   30.8 MB/s
fillsync     :    4165.299 micros/op;    0.0 MB/s (1000 ops)
fillrandom   :       5.864 micros/op;   18.9 MB/s
overwrite    :       7.830 micros/op;   14.1 MB/s
readrandom   :       5.534 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readrandom   :       4.292 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readseq      :       0.312 micros/op;  354.1 MB/s
readreverse  :       0.501 micros/op;  220.8 MB/s
compact      :  886211.000 micros/op;
readrandom   :       3.518 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readseq      :       0.251 micros/op;  441.2 MB/s
readreverse  :       0.456 micros/op;  242.4 MB/s
fill100K     :    1329.723 micros/op;   71.7 MB/s (1000 ops)
crc32c       :       1.976 micros/op; 1976.7 MB/s (4K per op)
snappycomp   :       4.705 micros/op;  830.2 MB/s (output: 55.1%)
snappyuncomp :       0.958 micros/op; 4079.1 MB/s
acquireload  :       0.727 micros/op; (each op is 1000 loads)

New:
fillseq      :       3.129 micros/op;   35.4 MB/s
fillsync     :    2748.099 micros/op;    0.0 MB/s (1000 ops)
fillrandom   :       5.394 micros/op;   20.5 MB/s
overwrite    :       7.253 micros/op;   15.3 MB/s
readrandom   :       5.655 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readrandom   :       4.425 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readseq      :       0.298 micros/op;  371.3 MB/s
readreverse  :       0.508 micros/op;  217.9 MB/s
compact      :  885842.000 micros/op;
readrandom   :       3.545 micros/op; (1000000 of 1000000 found)
readseq      :       0.252 micros/op;  438.2 MB/s
readreverse  :       0.425 micros/op;  260.2 MB/s
fill100K     :    1418.347 micros/op;   67.2 MB/s (1000 ops)
crc32c       :       1.987 micros/op; 1966.0 MB/s (4K per op)
snappycomp   :       4.767 micros/op;  819.4 MB/s (output: 55.1%)
snappyuncomp :       0.916 micros/op; 4264.9 MB/s
acquireload  :       0.665 micros/op; (each op is 1000 loads)

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=194002392

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=192365747

This CL switches the public headers to C++11 default and deleted constructors, and adds override to the relevant leveldb::EnvWrapper methods. This should be a good test for C++11 compiler support.

Once this CL settles, the rest of the codebase can be safely modernized to C++11.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=189873212

Fixes https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/466

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=189425354

External linkage is the default for function declarations in C++.

This also fixes ClangTidy errors generated by removing the "extern"
keyword as described above.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=188730416

This removes the use of the non-portable headers <sys/types.h> and <unistd.h> in c_test.c.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=188503102

When the max file size option was added in CL 134391640 the C API
was not modified to support this.

This change was contributed by GitHub user @olt and fixes issue #439.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=173466388

Env's that filtered out dot files ("." and "..") would return an
empty vector of children causing DestroyDB to do nothing. This fixes
https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/215

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=172501335

gcc defaults to exporting all symbols, but other linkers do not. Adding
the LEVELDB_EXPORT macro allows a project to set LEVELDB_SHARED_LIBRARY
when building/linking with leveldb as a shared library.

This is to allow leveldb to be created as a shared library on all
platforms support by Chrome and enables a fix for
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=764810.

This also has the benefit of reducing the shared library size from
418863 to 380367 bytes (64-bit Linux).

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=171037148

BTRFS reorders rename and write operations, so it is possible that a filesystem crash and recovery results in a situation where the file pointed to by CURRENT does not exist. DB::Open currently reports an I/O error in this case. Reporting database corruption is a better hint to the caller, which can attempt to recover the database or erase it and start over.

This issue is not merely theoretical. It was reported as having showed up in the wild at https://github.com/google/leveldb/issues/195 and at https://crbug.com/738961. Also, asides from the BTRFS case described above, incorrect data in CURRENT seems like a possible corruption case that should be handled gracefully.

The Env API changes here can be considered backwards compatible, because an implementation that returns Status::IOError instead of Status::NotFound will still get the same functionality as before.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=161432630

This can be used to report metrics on LevelDB usage.

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=156934930

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=148937577

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=134391640

-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=129930720

The approximate RAM usage of the database is calculated from the memory
allocated for write buffers and the block cache. This is to give an
estimate of memory usage to leveldb clients.
-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=104222307

Prune() drops on-memory read cache of the database, so that the client can
relief its memory shortage.
-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=101335710

All other Status::Code enum values have an Is**() method with the one
exception of InvalidArgument.
-------------
Created by MOE: https://github.com/google/moe
MOE_MIGRATED_REVID=97166441

(Based on a suggestion by cmumford.)

"open" benchmark on my workstation speeds up significantly since we
can now avoid three fdatasync calls and a compaction per open:

  Before: ~80000 microseconds
  After:    ~130 microseconds

Details:

(1) Added Options::reuse_logs (currently defaults to false) to control
new behavior.  The intention is to change the default to true after some
baking.

(2) Added Env::NewAppendableFile() whose default implementation returns
a not-supported error.

(3) VersionSet::Recovery attempts to reuse the MANIFEST from which
it is recovering.

(4) DBImpl recovery attempts to reuse the last log file and memtable.

(5) db_test.cc now tests a new configuration that sets reuse_logs to true.

(6) fault_injection_test also tests a reuse_logs==true config.

(7) Added a new recovery_test.

Changes are:

* Update version number to 1.18
* Replace the basic fprintf call with a call to fwrite in order to
  work around the apparent compiler optimization/rewrite failure that we are
  seeing with the new toolchain/iOS SDKs provided with Xcode6 and iOS8.
* Fix ALL the header guards.
* Createed a README.md with the LevelDB project description.
* A new CONTRIBUTING file.
* Don't implicitly convert uint64_t to size_t or int.  Either preserve it as
  uint64_t, or explicitly cast. This fixes MSVC warnings about possible value
  truncation when compiling this code in Chromium.
* Added a DumpFile() library function that encapsulates the guts of the
  "leveldbutil dump" command. This will allow clients to dump
  data to their log files instead of stdout. It will also allow clients to
  supply their own environment.
* leveldb: Remove unused function 'ConsumeChar'.
* leveldbutil: Remove unused member variables from WriteBatchItemPrinter.
* OpenBSD, NetBSD and DragonflyBSD have _LITTLE_ENDIAN, so define
  PLATFORM_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN like on FreeBSD. This fixes:
   * issue #143
   * issue #198
   * issue #249
* Switch from <cstdatomic> to <atomic>. The former never made it into the
  standard and doesn't exist in modern gcc versions at all.  The later contains
  everything that leveldb was using from the former.
  This problem was noticed when porting to Portable Native Client where no memory
  barrier is defined.  The fact that <cstdatomic> is missing normally goes
  unnoticed since memory barriers are defined for most architectures.
* Make Hash() treat its input as unsigned.  Before this change LevelDB files
  from platforms with different signedness of char were not compatible. This
  change fixes: issue #243
* Verify checksums of index/meta/filter blocks when paranoid_checks set.
* Invoke all tools for iOS with xcrun. (This was causing problems with the new
  XCode 5.1.1 image on pulse.)
* include <sys/stat.h> only once, and fix the following linter warning:
  "Found C system header after C++ system header"
* When encountering a corrupted table file, return Status::Corruption instead of
  Status::InvalidArgument.
* Support cygwin as build platform, patch is from https://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=188
* Fix typo, merge patch from https://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=159
* Fix typos and comments, and address the following two issues:
  * issue #166
  * issue #241
* Add missing db synchronize after "fillseq" in the benchmark.
* Removed unused variable in SeekRandom: value (issue #201)

- Cleanup: delete unused IntSetToString

  It was added in http://cr/19491949 (and was referenced at the time).
  The last reference was removed in http://cr/19507363.

  This fixes warning/error with pre-release crosstoolv18:
    'std::string leveldb::{anonymous}::IntSetToString(const std::set<long unsigned int>&)' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-function]

- Added arm64 and and armv7s to IOS build as suggested on leveldb mailing list.

- Changed local variable type from int to size_t

  This eliminates compiler warning/error and resolves
  https://code.google.com/p/leveldb/issues/detail?id=140

- Make Log::Reader not report a corruption when the last record in a
  log file is truncated.
- Fix issue 224: variable created but not utilized.
- Remove comment that referenced a removed feature.

- switched from mmap based writing to simpler stdio based writing. Has a
  minor impact (0.5 microseconds) on microbenchmarks for asynchronous
  writes. Synchronous writes speed up from 30ms to 10ms on linux/ext4.
  Should be much more reliable on diverse platforms.
- compaction errors now immediately put the database into a read-only
  mode (until it is re-opened). As a downside, a disk going out of
  space and then space being created will require a re-open to recover
  from, whereas previously that would happen automatically. On the
  plus side, many corruption possibilities go away.
- force the DB to enter an error-state so that all future writes fail
  when a synchronous log write succeeds but the sync fails.
- repair now regenerates sstables that exhibit problems
- fix issue 218 - Use native memory barriers on OSX
- fix issue 212 - QNX build is broken
- fix build on iOS with xcode 5
- make tests compile and pass on windows

Fix issues 200, 201

Also,
* Fix link to bigtable paper in docs.
* New sstables will have the file extension .ldb. .sst files will
continue to be recognized.
* When building for iOS, use xcrun to execute the compiler. This may
affect issue 177.

Fix issues 77, 87, 182, 190.

Additionally, fix the bug described in
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/leveldb/yL6h1mAOc20/vLU64RylIdMJ
where a large contiguous keyspace of deleted data was not getting
compacted.

Also fix a bug where options.max_open_files was not getting clamped
properly.

Non-functional changes only:
1) Add Kevin Regan to the AUTHORS file
2) Add standard license header to issues/issue178_test.cc

Fixes issues
161
174
178

As well as the issue reported by edouarda14@gmail.com about
MissingSSTFile unit test failing on windows.

Fixes issues
147 - thanks feniksgordonfreeman
153
156
166

Additionally,
* Remove calls to exit(1).
* Fix unused-variable warnings from clang.
* Fix possible overflow error related to num_restart value >= (2^32/4).
* Add leveldbutil to .gitignore.
* Add better log messages when Write is stalled on a compaction.

https://groups.google.com/d/msg/leveldb/Kc9JxuIUu5A/9P0N9RL4ar8J

Details:
* Fix shared library building.
* Reorganize linking commands so flags like --as-needed can be passed.
* C binding exports version numbers.
* Fix small typos in documention.

Highlights
----------
Mmap at most 1000 files on Posix to improve performance for large databases.
Support for more architectures (thanks to Alexander K.)

Building and porting
--------------------
HP/UX support (issue 126)
AtomicPointer for ia64 (issue 123)
Sparc v9 support (issue 124)
Atomic ops for powerpc
Use -fno-builtin-memcmp only when using g++
Simplify IOS build rules (issue 114)
Use CXXFLAGS instead of CFLAGS when invoking C++ compiler (issue 118)
Fix snappy shared library problem (issue 94)
Fix shared library installation path regression
Endian-ness detection tweak for FreeBSD

Bug fixes
---------
Stop ignoring FLAGS_open_files in db_bench
Make bloom test behavior agnostic to endian-ness

Performance
-----------
Limit number of mmapped files to 1000 to improve perf for large dbs
Do not delay for 1 second on shutdown path (issue 125)

Misc
----
Make InMemoryEnv return a no-op logger
C binding now has a wrapper for free (issue 117)
Add thread-safety annotations
Added an in-process lock table (issue 120)
Make RandomAccessFile and SequentialFile non-copyable