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647 lines
21 KiB
647 lines
21 KiB
#include <defs.h>
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#include <x86.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <mmu.h>
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#include <memlayout.h>
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#include <pmm.h>
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#include <default_pmm.h>
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#include <sync.h>
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#include <error.h>
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/* *
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* Task State Segment:
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*
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* The TSS may reside anywhere in memory. A special segment register called
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* the Task Register (TR) holds a segment selector that points a valid TSS
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* segment descriptor which resides in the GDT. Therefore, to use a TSS
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* the following must be done in function gdt_init:
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* - create a TSS descriptor entry in GDT
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* - add enough information to the TSS in memory as needed
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* - load the TR register with a segment selector for that segment
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*
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* There are several fileds in TSS for specifying the new stack pointer when a
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* privilege level change happens. But only the fields SS0 and ESP0 are useful
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* in our os kernel.
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*
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* The field SS0 contains the stack segment selector for CPL = 0, and the ESP0
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* contains the new ESP value for CPL = 0. When an interrupt happens in protected
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* mode, the x86 CPU will look in the TSS for SS0 and ESP0 and load their value
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* into SS and ESP respectively.
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* */
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static struct taskstate ts = {0};
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// virtual address of physicall page array
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struct Page *pages;
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// amount of physical memory (in pages)
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size_t npage = 0;
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// virtual address of boot-time page directory
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pde_t *boot_pgdir = NULL;
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// physical address of boot-time page directory
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uintptr_t boot_cr3;
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// physical memory management
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const struct pmm_manager *pmm_manager;
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/* *
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* The page directory entry corresponding to the virtual address range
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* [VPT, VPT + PTSIZE) points to the page directory itself. Thus, the page
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* directory is treated as a page table as well as a page directory.
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*
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* One result of treating the page directory as a page table is that all PTEs
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* can be accessed though a "virtual page table" at virtual address VPT. And the
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* PTE for number n is stored in vpt[n].
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*
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* A second consequence is that the contents of the current page directory will
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* always available at virtual address PGADDR(PDX(VPT), PDX(VPT), 0), to which
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* vpd is set bellow.
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* */
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pte_t * const vpt = (pte_t *)VPT;
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pde_t * const vpd = (pde_t *)PGADDR(PDX(VPT), PDX(VPT), 0);
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/* *
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* Global Descriptor Table:
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*
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* The kernel and user segments are identical (except for the DPL). To load
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* the %ss register, the CPL must equal the DPL. Thus, we must duplicate the
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* segments for the user and the kernel. Defined as follows:
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* - 0x0 : unused (always faults -- for trapping NULL far pointers)
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* - 0x8 : kernel code segment
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* - 0x10: kernel data segment
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* - 0x18: user code segment
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* - 0x20: user data segment
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* - 0x28: defined for tss, initialized in gdt_init
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* */
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static struct segdesc gdt[] = {
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SEG_NULL,
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[SEG_KTEXT] = SEG(STA_X | STA_R, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, DPL_KERNEL),
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[SEG_KDATA] = SEG(STA_W, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, DPL_KERNEL),
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[SEG_UTEXT] = SEG(STA_X | STA_R, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, DPL_USER),
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[SEG_UDATA] = SEG(STA_W, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, DPL_USER),
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[SEG_TSS] = SEG_NULL,
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};
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static struct pseudodesc gdt_pd = {
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sizeof(gdt) - 1, (uintptr_t)gdt
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};
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static void check_alloc_page(void);
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static void check_pgdir(void);
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static void check_boot_pgdir(void);
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/* *
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* lgdt - load the global descriptor table register and reset the
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* data/code segement registers for kernel.
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* */
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static inline void
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lgdt(struct pseudodesc *pd) {
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asm volatile ("lgdt (%0)" :: "r" (pd));
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asm volatile ("movw %%ax, %%gs" :: "a" (USER_DS));
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asm volatile ("movw %%ax, %%fs" :: "a" (USER_DS));
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asm volatile ("movw %%ax, %%es" :: "a" (KERNEL_DS));
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asm volatile ("movw %%ax, %%ds" :: "a" (KERNEL_DS));
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asm volatile ("movw %%ax, %%ss" :: "a" (KERNEL_DS));
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// reload cs
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asm volatile ("ljmp %0, $1f\n 1:\n" :: "i" (KERNEL_CS));
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}
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/* *
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* load_esp0 - change the ESP0 in default task state segment,
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* so that we can use different kernel stack when we trap frame
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* user to kernel.
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* */
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void
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load_esp0(uintptr_t esp0) {
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ts.ts_esp0 = esp0;
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}
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/* gdt_init - initialize the default GDT and TSS */
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static void
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gdt_init(void) {
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// set boot kernel stack and default SS0
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load_esp0((uintptr_t)bootstacktop);
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ts.ts_ss0 = KERNEL_DS;
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// initialize the TSS filed of the gdt
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gdt[SEG_TSS] = SEGTSS(STS_T32A, (uintptr_t)&ts, sizeof(ts), DPL_KERNEL);
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// reload all segment registers
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lgdt(&gdt_pd);
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// load the TSS
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ltr(GD_TSS);
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}
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//init_pmm_manager - initialize a pmm_manager instance
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static void
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init_pmm_manager(void) {
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pmm_manager = &default_pmm_manager;
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cprintf("memory management: %s\n", pmm_manager->name);
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pmm_manager->init();
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}
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//init_memmap - call pmm->init_memmap to build Page struct for free memory
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static void
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init_memmap(struct Page *base, size_t n) {
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pmm_manager->init_memmap(base, n);
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}
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//alloc_pages - call pmm->alloc_pages to allocate a continuous n*PAGESIZE memory
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struct Page *
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alloc_pages(size_t n) {
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struct Page *page=NULL;
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bool intr_flag;
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local_intr_save(intr_flag);
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{
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page = pmm_manager->alloc_pages(n);
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}
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local_intr_restore(intr_flag);
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return page;
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}
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//free_pages - call pmm->free_pages to free a continuous n*PAGESIZE memory
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void
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free_pages(struct Page *base, size_t n) {
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bool intr_flag;
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local_intr_save(intr_flag);
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{
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pmm_manager->free_pages(base, n);
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}
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local_intr_restore(intr_flag);
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}
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//nr_free_pages - call pmm->nr_free_pages to get the size (nr*PAGESIZE)
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//of current free memory
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size_t
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nr_free_pages(void) {
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size_t ret;
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bool intr_flag;
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local_intr_save(intr_flag);
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{
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ret = pmm_manager->nr_free_pages();
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}
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local_intr_restore(intr_flag);
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return ret;
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}
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/* pmm_init - initialize the physical memory management */
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static void
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page_init(void) {
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struct e820map *memmap = (struct e820map *)(0x8000 + KERNBASE);
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uint64_t maxpa = 0;
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cprintf("e820map:\n");
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < memmap->nr_map; i ++) {
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uint64_t begin = memmap->map[i].addr, end = begin + memmap->map[i].size;
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cprintf(" memory: %08llx, [%08llx, %08llx], type = %d.\n",
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memmap->map[i].size, begin, end - 1, memmap->map[i].type);
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if (memmap->map[i].type == E820_ARM) {
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if (maxpa < end && begin < KMEMSIZE) {
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maxpa = end;
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}
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}
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}
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if (maxpa > KMEMSIZE) {
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maxpa = KMEMSIZE;
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}
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extern char end[];
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npage = maxpa / PGSIZE;
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pages = (struct Page *)ROUNDUP((void *)end, PGSIZE);
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for (i = 0; i < npage; i ++) {
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SetPageReserved(pages + i);
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}
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uintptr_t freemem = PADDR((uintptr_t)pages + sizeof(struct Page) * npage);
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for (i = 0; i < memmap->nr_map; i ++) {
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uint64_t begin = memmap->map[i].addr, end = begin + memmap->map[i].size;
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if (memmap->map[i].type == E820_ARM) {
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if (begin < freemem) {
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begin = freemem;
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}
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if (end > KMEMSIZE) {
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end = KMEMSIZE;
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}
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if (begin < end) {
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begin = ROUNDUP(begin, PGSIZE);
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end = ROUNDDOWN(end, PGSIZE);
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if (begin < end) {
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init_memmap(pa2page(begin), (end - begin) / PGSIZE);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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static void
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enable_paging(void) {
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lcr3(boot_cr3);
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// turn on paging
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uint32_t cr0 = rcr0();
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cr0 |= CR0_PE | CR0_PG | CR0_AM | CR0_WP | CR0_NE | CR0_TS | CR0_EM | CR0_MP;
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cr0 &= ~(CR0_TS | CR0_EM);
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lcr0(cr0);
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}
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//boot_map_segment - setup&enable the paging mechanism
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// parameters
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// la: linear address of this memory need to map (after x86 segment map)
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// size: memory size
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// pa: physical address of this memory
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// perm: permission of this memory
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static void
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boot_map_segment(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la, size_t size, uintptr_t pa, uint32_t perm) {
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assert(PGOFF(la) == PGOFF(pa));
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size_t n = ROUNDUP(size + PGOFF(la), PGSIZE) / PGSIZE;
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la = ROUNDDOWN(la, PGSIZE);
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pa = ROUNDDOWN(pa, PGSIZE);
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for (; n > 0; n --, la += PGSIZE, pa += PGSIZE) {
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pte_t *ptep = get_pte(pgdir, la, 1);
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assert(ptep != NULL);
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*ptep = pa | PTE_P | perm;
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}
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}
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//boot_alloc_page - allocate one page using pmm->alloc_pages(1)
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// return value: the kernel virtual address of this allocated page
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//note: this function is used to get the memory for PDT(Page Directory Table)&PT(Page Table)
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static void *
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boot_alloc_page(void) {
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struct Page *p = alloc_page();
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if (p == NULL) {
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panic("boot_alloc_page failed.\n");
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}
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return page2kva(p);
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}
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//pmm_init - setup a pmm to manage physical memory, build PDT&PT to setup paging mechanism
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// - check the correctness of pmm & paging mechanism, print PDT&PT
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void
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pmm_init(void) {
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//We need to alloc/free the physical memory (granularity is 4KB or other size).
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//So a framework of physical memory manager (struct pmm_manager)is defined in pmm.h
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//First we should init a physical memory manager(pmm) based on the framework.
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//Then pmm can alloc/free the physical memory.
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//Now the first_fit/best_fit/worst_fit/buddy_system pmm are available.
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init_pmm_manager();
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// detect physical memory space, reserve already used memory,
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// then use pmm->init_memmap to create free page list
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page_init();
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//use pmm->check to verify the correctness of the alloc/free function in a pmm
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check_alloc_page();
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// create boot_pgdir, an initial page directory(Page Directory Table, PDT)
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boot_pgdir = boot_alloc_page();
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memset(boot_pgdir, 0, PGSIZE);
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boot_cr3 = PADDR(boot_pgdir);
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check_pgdir();
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static_assert(KERNBASE % PTSIZE == 0 && KERNTOP % PTSIZE == 0);
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// recursively insert boot_pgdir in itself
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// to form a virtual page table at virtual address VPT
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boot_pgdir[PDX(VPT)] = PADDR(boot_pgdir) | PTE_P | PTE_W;
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// map all physical memory to linear memory with base linear addr KERNBASE
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//linear_addr KERNBASE~KERNBASE+KMEMSIZE = phy_addr 0~KMEMSIZE
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//But shouldn't use this map until enable_paging() & gdt_init() finished.
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boot_map_segment(boot_pgdir, KERNBASE, KMEMSIZE, 0, PTE_W);
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//temporary map:
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//virtual_addr 3G~3G+4M = linear_addr 0~4M = linear_addr 3G~3G+4M = phy_addr 0~4M
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boot_pgdir[0] = boot_pgdir[PDX(KERNBASE)];
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enable_paging();
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//reload gdt(third time,the last time) to map all physical memory
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//virtual_addr 0~4G=liear_addr 0~4G
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//then set kernel stack(ss:esp) in TSS, setup TSS in gdt, load TSS
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gdt_init();
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//disable the map of virtual_addr 0~4M
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boot_pgdir[0] = 0;
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//now the basic virtual memory map(see memalyout.h) is established.
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//check the correctness of the basic virtual memory map.
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check_boot_pgdir();
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print_pgdir();
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}
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//get_pte - get pte and return the kernel virtual address of this pte for la
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// - if the PT contians this pte didn't exist, alloc a page for PT
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// parameter:
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// pgdir: the kernel virtual base address of PDT
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// la: the linear address need to map
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// create: a logical value to decide if alloc a page for PT
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// return vaule: the kernel virtual address of this pte
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pte_t *
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get_pte(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la, bool create) {
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/* LAB2 EXERCISE 2: YOUR CODE
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*
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* If you need to visit a physical address, please use KADDR()
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* please read pmm.h for useful macros
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*
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* Maybe you want help comment, BELOW comments can help you finish the code
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*
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* Some Useful MACROs and DEFINEs, you can use them in below implementation.
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* MACROs or Functions:
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* PDX(la) = the index of page directory entry of VIRTUAL ADDRESS la.
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* KADDR(pa) : takes a physical address and returns the corresponding kernel virtual address.
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* set_page_ref(page,1) : means the page be referenced by one time
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* page2pa(page): get the physical address of memory which this (struct Page *) page manages
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* struct Page * alloc_page() : allocation a page
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* memset(void *s, char c, size_t n) : sets the first n bytes of the memory area pointed by s
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* to the specified value c.
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* DEFINEs:
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* PTE_P 0x001 // page table/directory entry flags bit : Present
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* PTE_W 0x002 // page table/directory entry flags bit : Writeable
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* PTE_U 0x004 // page table/directory entry flags bit : User can access
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*/
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#if 0
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pde_t *pdep = NULL; // (1) find page directory entry
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if (0) { // (2) check if entry is not present
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// (3) check if creating is needed, then alloc page for page table
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// CAUTION: this page is used for page table, not for common data page
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// (4) set page reference
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uintptr_t pa = 0; // (5) get linear address of page
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// (6) clear page content using memset
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// (7) set page directory entry's permission
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}
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return NULL; // (8) return page table entry
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#endif
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pde_t *pdep = &pgdir[PDX(la)];
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if (!(*pdep & PTE_P)) {
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struct Page *page;
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if (!create || (page = alloc_page()) == NULL) {
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return NULL;
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}
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set_page_ref(page, 1);
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uintptr_t pa = page2pa(page);
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memset(KADDR(pa), 0, PGSIZE);
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*pdep = pa | PTE_U | PTE_W | PTE_P;
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}
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return &((pte_t *)KADDR(PDE_ADDR(*pdep)))[PTX(la)];
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}
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//get_page - get related Page struct for linear address la using PDT pgdir
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struct Page *
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get_page(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la, pte_t **ptep_store) {
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pte_t *ptep = get_pte(pgdir, la, 0);
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if (ptep_store != NULL) {
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*ptep_store = ptep;
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}
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if (ptep != NULL && *ptep & PTE_P) {
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return pa2page(*ptep);
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}
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return NULL;
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}
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//page_remove_pte - free an Page sturct which is related linear address la
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// - and clean(invalidate) pte which is related linear address la
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//note: PT is changed, so the TLB need to be invalidate
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static inline void
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page_remove_pte(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la, pte_t *ptep) {
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/* LAB2 EXERCISE 3: YOUR CODE
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*
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* Please check if ptep is valid, and tlb must be manually updated if mapping is updated
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*
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* Maybe you want help comment, BELOW comments can help you finish the code
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*
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* Some Useful MACROs and DEFINEs, you can use them in below implementation.
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* MACROs or Functions:
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* struct Page *page pte2page(*ptep): get the according page from the value of a ptep
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* free_page : free a page
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* page_ref_dec(page) : decrease page->ref. NOTICE: ff page->ref == 0 , then this page should be free.
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* tlb_invalidate(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la) : Invalidate a TLB entry, but only if the page tables being
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* edited are the ones currently in use by the processor.
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* DEFINEs:
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* PTE_P 0x001 // page table/directory entry flags bit : Present
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*/
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#if 0
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if (0) { //(1) check if page directory is present
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struct Page *page = NULL; //(2) find corresponding page to pte
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//(3) decrease page reference
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//(4) and free this page when page reference reachs 0
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//(5) clear second page table entry
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//(6) flush tlb
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}
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#endif
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if (*ptep & PTE_P) {
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struct Page *page = pte2page(*ptep);
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if (page_ref_dec(page) == 0) {
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free_page(page);
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}
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*ptep = 0;
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tlb_invalidate(pgdir, la);
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}
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}
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//page_remove - free an Page which is related linear address la and has an validated pte
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void
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page_remove(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la) {
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pte_t *ptep = get_pte(pgdir, la, 0);
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if (ptep != NULL) {
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page_remove_pte(pgdir, la, ptep);
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}
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}
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//page_insert - build the map of phy addr of an Page with the linear addr la
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// paramemters:
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// pgdir: the kernel virtual base address of PDT
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// page: the Page which need to map
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// la: the linear address need to map
|
|
// perm: the permission of this Page which is setted in related pte
|
|
// return value: always 0
|
|
//note: PT is changed, so the TLB need to be invalidate
|
|
int
|
|
page_insert(pde_t *pgdir, struct Page *page, uintptr_t la, uint32_t perm) {
|
|
pte_t *ptep = get_pte(pgdir, la, 1);
|
|
if (ptep == NULL) {
|
|
return -E_NO_MEM;
|
|
}
|
|
page_ref_inc(page);
|
|
if (*ptep & PTE_P) {
|
|
struct Page *p = pte2page(*ptep);
|
|
if (p == page) {
|
|
page_ref_dec(page);
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
page_remove_pte(pgdir, la, ptep);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
*ptep = page2pa(page) | PTE_P | perm;
|
|
tlb_invalidate(pgdir, la);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// invalidate a TLB entry, but only if the page tables being
|
|
// edited are the ones currently in use by the processor.
|
|
void
|
|
tlb_invalidate(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la) {
|
|
if (rcr3() == PADDR(pgdir)) {
|
|
invlpg((void *)la);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
check_alloc_page(void) {
|
|
pmm_manager->check();
|
|
cprintf("check_alloc_page() succeeded!\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
check_pgdir(void) {
|
|
assert(npage <= KMEMSIZE / PGSIZE);
|
|
assert(boot_pgdir != NULL && (uint32_t)PGOFF(boot_pgdir) == 0);
|
|
assert(get_page(boot_pgdir, 0x0, NULL) == NULL);
|
|
|
|
struct Page *p1, *p2;
|
|
p1 = alloc_page();
|
|
assert(page_insert(boot_pgdir, p1, 0x0, 0) == 0);
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep;
|
|
assert((ptep = get_pte(boot_pgdir, 0x0, 0)) != NULL);
|
|
assert(pa2page(*ptep) == p1);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p1) == 1);
|
|
|
|
ptep = &((pte_t *)KADDR(PDE_ADDR(boot_pgdir[0])))[1];
|
|
assert(get_pte(boot_pgdir, PGSIZE, 0) == ptep);
|
|
|
|
p2 = alloc_page();
|
|
assert(page_insert(boot_pgdir, p2, PGSIZE, PTE_U | PTE_W) == 0);
|
|
assert((ptep = get_pte(boot_pgdir, PGSIZE, 0)) != NULL);
|
|
assert(*ptep & PTE_U);
|
|
assert(*ptep & PTE_W);
|
|
assert(boot_pgdir[0] & PTE_U);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p2) == 1);
|
|
|
|
assert(page_insert(boot_pgdir, p1, PGSIZE, 0) == 0);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p1) == 2);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p2) == 0);
|
|
assert((ptep = get_pte(boot_pgdir, PGSIZE, 0)) != NULL);
|
|
assert(pa2page(*ptep) == p1);
|
|
assert((*ptep & PTE_U) == 0);
|
|
|
|
page_remove(boot_pgdir, 0x0);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p1) == 1);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p2) == 0);
|
|
|
|
page_remove(boot_pgdir, PGSIZE);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p1) == 0);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p2) == 0);
|
|
|
|
assert(page_ref(pa2page(boot_pgdir[0])) == 1);
|
|
free_page(pa2page(boot_pgdir[0]));
|
|
boot_pgdir[0] = 0;
|
|
|
|
cprintf("check_pgdir() succeeded!\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
check_boot_pgdir(void) {
|
|
pte_t *ptep;
|
|
int i;
|
|
for (i = 0; i < npage; i += PGSIZE) {
|
|
assert((ptep = get_pte(boot_pgdir, (uintptr_t)KADDR(i), 0)) != NULL);
|
|
assert(PTE_ADDR(*ptep) == i);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
assert(PDE_ADDR(boot_pgdir[PDX(VPT)]) == PADDR(boot_pgdir));
|
|
|
|
assert(boot_pgdir[0] == 0);
|
|
|
|
struct Page *p;
|
|
p = alloc_page();
|
|
assert(page_insert(boot_pgdir, p, 0x100, PTE_W) == 0);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p) == 1);
|
|
assert(page_insert(boot_pgdir, p, 0x100 + PGSIZE, PTE_W) == 0);
|
|
assert(page_ref(p) == 2);
|
|
|
|
const char *str = "ucore: Hello world!!";
|
|
strcpy((void *)0x100, str);
|
|
assert(strcmp((void *)0x100, (void *)(0x100 + PGSIZE)) == 0);
|
|
|
|
*(char *)(page2kva(p) + 0x100) = '\0';
|
|
assert(strlen((const char *)0x100) == 0);
|
|
|
|
free_page(p);
|
|
free_page(pa2page(PDE_ADDR(boot_pgdir[0])));
|
|
boot_pgdir[0] = 0;
|
|
|
|
cprintf("check_boot_pgdir() succeeded!\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//perm2str - use string 'u,r,w,-' to present the permission
|
|
static const char *
|
|
perm2str(int perm) {
|
|
static char str[4];
|
|
str[0] = (perm & PTE_U) ? 'u' : '-';
|
|
str[1] = 'r';
|
|
str[2] = (perm & PTE_W) ? 'w' : '-';
|
|
str[3] = '\0';
|
|
return str;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//get_pgtable_items - In [left, right] range of PDT or PT, find a continuous linear addr space
|
|
// - (left_store*X_SIZE~right_store*X_SIZE) for PDT or PT
|
|
// - X_SIZE=PTSIZE=4M, if PDT; X_SIZE=PGSIZE=4K, if PT
|
|
// paramemters:
|
|
// left: no use ???
|
|
// right: the high side of table's range
|
|
// start: the low side of table's range
|
|
// table: the beginning addr of table
|
|
// left_store: the pointer of the high side of table's next range
|
|
// right_store: the pointer of the low side of table's next range
|
|
// return value: 0 - not a invalid item range, perm - a valid item range with perm permission
|
|
static int
|
|
get_pgtable_items(size_t left, size_t right, size_t start, uintptr_t *table, size_t *left_store, size_t *right_store) {
|
|
if (start >= right) {
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
while (start < right && !(table[start] & PTE_P)) {
|
|
start ++;
|
|
}
|
|
if (start < right) {
|
|
if (left_store != NULL) {
|
|
*left_store = start;
|
|
}
|
|
int perm = (table[start ++] & PTE_USER);
|
|
while (start < right && (table[start] & PTE_USER) == perm) {
|
|
start ++;
|
|
}
|
|
if (right_store != NULL) {
|
|
*right_store = start;
|
|
}
|
|
return perm;
|
|
}
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//print_pgdir - print the PDT&PT
|
|
void
|
|
print_pgdir(void) {
|
|
cprintf("-------------------- BEGIN --------------------\n");
|
|
size_t left, right = 0, perm;
|
|
while ((perm = get_pgtable_items(0, NPDEENTRY, right, vpd, &left, &right)) != 0) {
|
|
cprintf("PDE(%03x) %08x-%08x %08x %s\n", right - left,
|
|
left * PTSIZE, right * PTSIZE, (right - left) * PTSIZE, perm2str(perm));
|
|
size_t l, r = left * NPTEENTRY;
|
|
while ((perm = get_pgtable_items(left * NPTEENTRY, right * NPTEENTRY, r, vpt, &l, &r)) != 0) {
|
|
cprintf(" |-- PTE(%05x) %08x-%08x %08x %s\n", r - l,
|
|
l * PGSIZE, r * PGSIZE, (r - l) * PGSIZE, perm2str(perm));
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
cprintf("--------------------- END ---------------------\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|