25'ten fazla konu seçemezsiniz
Konular bir harf veya rakamla başlamalı, kısa çizgiler ('-') içerebilir ve en fazla 35 karakter uzunluğunda olabilir.
224 satır
4.7 KiB
224 satır
4.7 KiB
一、在Ubuntu上安装Python3.7
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```shell
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# 升级包索引和软件
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt upgrade -y
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# 安装编译所需包
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sudo apt install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget
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# 官网下载 Python3.7
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wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tgz
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# 解压
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tar -xzvf Python-3.7.4.tgz
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# 查看已安装 Python 的位置
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whereis python
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# 编译安装
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cd Python-3.7.4
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./configure --prefix=/usr/lib/python3.7 # 配置安装位置
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sudo make
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sudo make install
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# 建立软链接
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sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.7/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3.7
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sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.7/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3.7
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# 替换系统默认（建议不要替换，会使系统发生改变，使得ufw无法使用）
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sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
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sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.7/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
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# 默认ubuntu系统中没有pip3，直接建立软连接即可, 如果有先删除
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sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.7/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3
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# pip 换源
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sudo mkdir ~/.pip
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sudo vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
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# 写入
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[global]
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index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
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[install]
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trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
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# 保存并关闭
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```
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二、安装 JDK-11
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y openjdk-11-jdk
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java -version
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sudo update-alternatives --config java
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sudo nano /etc/environment
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JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64"
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source /etc/environment
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echo $JAVA_HOME
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三、创建 Python 虚拟环境
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```shell
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# 更新并安装组件
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-dev build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-setuptools
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# 安装 python3-venv 软件包
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sudo apt install -y python3-venv
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# 创建虚拟环境
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cd ~
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python3.7 -m venv be
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# 激活虚拟环境
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source ~/be/bin/activate
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# 上传代码
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# 从本地向云主机上传代码
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# scp ...
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# 安装依赖(激活虚拟环境时都应该使用pip而不是pip3)
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 安装 uwsgi
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pip install uwsgi
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# 创建 wsgi.py 作为程序入口点，告诉 uWSGI 服务器如何与程序进行交互
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```
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四、安装 Nginx
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```shell
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sudo apt-get install -y nginx
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# 启动
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sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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sudo systemctl start nginx
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sudo systemctl stop nginx
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sudo systemctl status nginx
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五、配置 uWSGI
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```shell
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# 启用UFW防火墙，允许访问端口5000
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sudo ufw allow 5000
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# 测试 uWSGI 服务(若本地开启了代理注意关闭，在虚拟环境下执行)
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uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -w wsgi:app
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# 从本地浏览器输入 http://<IP address>:5000
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# 关闭虚拟环境
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deactivate
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# 创建 uWSGI 配置文件
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nano ~/be/be.ini
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# 从 [uwsgi] 标头开始，以便 uWSGI 知道应用设置
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# 需要指定两件事：模块本神，通过引用 wsgi.py 减去扩展名，以及文件中的 callable 对象，即 app
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[uwsgi]
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module = wsgi:app
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# 接下来，告诉 uWSGI 以主模式启动并生成5个工作进程提供实际请求
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[uwsgi]
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module = wsgi:app
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master = true
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processes = 5
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# 接下来
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[uwsgi]
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module = wsgi:app
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master = true
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processes = 5
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socket = be.sock
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chmod-socket = 660
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vacuum = true
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die-on-term = true
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# 保存并关闭
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```
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六、创建 systemd 单元文件
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```shell
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/be.service
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[Unit]
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Description=uWSGI instance to serve be
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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User=ubuntu
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Group=www-data
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WorkingDirectory=/home/ubuntu/be
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Environment="PATH=/home/ubuntu/be/bin"
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ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/be/bin/uwsgi --ini be.ini
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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# 保存并关闭
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# 现在可以启动创建的 uWSGI 服务并启用它，以便它在启动时启动
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sudo systemctl start be
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sudo systemctl enable be
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# 查看状态
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sudo systemctl status be
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```
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七、将 Nginx 配置为代理请求
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```shell
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/be
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# 写入
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name <公网IP>;
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location / {
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include uwsgi_params;
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uwsgi_pass unix:/home/ubuntu/be/be.sock;
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}
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}
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# 保存并关闭
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# 若要启用该配置，需将文件链接至 sites-enabled 目录
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/be /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
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# 通过如下命令测试语法错误
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sudo nginx -t
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# 返回成功则重启 Nginx 进程以读取新配置
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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# 再次调整防火墙，不再需要通过5000端口访问，可以删除该规则，最后可以允许访问Nginx服务器
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sudo ufw delete allow 5000
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sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
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# 现在可以直接通过 IP 地址访问
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# 遇到错误使用如下方式检查
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sudo less /var/log/nginx/error.log # 检查Nginx错误日志
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sudo less /var/log/nginx/access.log # 检查Nginx访问日志
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sudo journalctl -u nginx # 检查Nginx进程日志
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sudo journalctl -u be # 检查你的Flask应用程序的uWSGI日志
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```
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